Ceramic Sanitary Ware Market Trends & Forecasts by Product & Technology (2011 – 2016)

An inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling is Ceramic.
They have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, amorphous (e.g., a glass).

Types Of Ceramics :
                                 Crystalline ceramics- Crystalline material are not responsive to a great range of processing.They are made in the desired shape, by reaction in situ, or by forming powders into the desired shape, and then sintering to form a solid body.
                                           
 Forming Techniques-

•   Shaping by hand.
•   Slip casting.
•   Tape casting.
•   Injection molding.
•   Dry pressing.

                                   Noncrystalline ceramics-Tends to be formed from melts, as being glass. The glass is shaped when either fully molten, by casting, or when in a state of toffee-like viscosity, by methods such as blowing into a mold.

Properties Of Ceramics-

• Chemically stable.
• Prone to thermal shock.
• Oxidation resistant.
• Nonmagnetic.
• Electrical insulators.
• Thermal insulators.
• Refractory.
• Brittle,hard and wear-resistant.

   (Source- Google Images)

Applications Of Ceramics-

•  The blade of a ceramic knife stays sharp for much longer time.
•  Brake disks for vehicles made from ceramics are resistant to abrasion at high temperatures.
•  Composite ceramic and metal matrices used in modern armoured fighting vehicles because  they offer superior penetrating resistance against shaped charges (such as heat rounds) and kinetic energy penetrators.
• Alumina and boron carbide(ceramics) have been used in ballistic armored vests to repel large-caliber rifle fire.

Ceramic Sanitary Ware Market Trends & Forecast-
The global ceramic sanitary ware production market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 8.29% from 2011 to 2016 to reach $33 billion by 2016.

Global Ceramic Sanitary Ware Annual Production, by Region, 2011
 
(Source-marketsandmarkets)

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Who give colour to your garments,shoes and accessories......??

A colored substance having affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied is a Dye.

Types Of Dyes:
                        -Direct dyes:These dyes are water soluble anionic dyes,when dyed from aqueous solution in the presence of electrolytes,have high affinity for cellulosic fibers.Used in dyeing of cotton and regenerated cellulose,paper,leather,nylon.

                        -Vat dyes:These dyes are water-insoluble, are applied mainly to cellulosic fibers as soluble leuco salts after reduction in an alkaline bath, by sodium Hydrosulphite.

                        -Sulfur dyes:These dyes are applied to cotton from an alkaline reducing bath with sodium sulfide as the reducing agent.

                         -Cationic dyes:These dyes are water-soluble cationic dyes which are applied to paper,polyacrylonitrile (e.g. Dralon), modified nylons, and modified polyesters.


(Source-Google images)
Advantages-

• Obtained from renewable source.
• No disposable problems as they are biodegradable.
• Natural dyes are cost effective.
• Possible to obtain a full range of colours using various mordants.
• Unsophisticated and harmonized with nature.

 A material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption is a Pigment.

Types Of Pigments-
                              Inorganic Pigments- Generally are metallic oxides or synthetics. These Mineral-earth type pigments are very simple and naturally occurring colored substances.

                              Organic Pigments-Not usually found in nature,these pigments are chemically synthesized.Used as mass colorants;popular in plastics, synthetic fibres and as surface coatings-paints and inks.

Characteristics Of Organic Pigments-

• Very bright, pure, rich colors.
• Very good stability to solvents, light, heat, and weathering
• Good tinctorial strength.
• Consistency and unique shades.

Trend For Dyes And Pigment Market-
(COLORANTS: MARKET SHARE, BY GEOGRAPHY, 2013)

The global pigments market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 4% from 2013 to 2018. In the pigments market, TiO2 holds the maximum share. The demand for organic pigments is expected to grow mainly due to increasing demand for high performance pigments. However, growth in the organic pigments will be restricted due to its high cost as compared to inorganic pigments.

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Solar : A Rich Renewable Energy Accord Of Nature

The energy emitted by sun in the form of sun rays is Solar Energy.As we all know Solar Energy is a rich renewable form of energy of the nature,its use in our day to day life is increasing steadily.Solar energy,which is available in abundance, is captured through many mediums like solar cells,solar architecture,artificial photosynthesis,solar encapsulation,etc.Solar Encapsulation is the process of binding of solar energy through a medium with a real abstract view to the outer world.

Applications:

                       
Residential Application-
Use of solar energy for homes has number of advantages. The solar energy is used in residential homes for heating the water with the help of solar heater. The photovoltaic cell installed on the roof of the house collects the solar energy and is used to warm the water. Solar energy can also be used to generate electricity. Batteries store energy captured in day time and supply power throughout the day. The use of solar appliances is one of the best ways to cut the expenditure on energy.

Industrial Application

Sun’s thermal energy is used in office, warehouse and industry to supply power. Solar energy is used to power radio and TV stations. It is also used to supply power to lighthouse and warning light for aircraft.

Remote Application

Solar energy can be used for power generation in remotely situated places like schools, homes, clinics and buildings. Water pumps run on solar energy in remote areas. Large scale desalination plant also use power generated from solar energy instead of electricity.

Advantages-

• Available in abundance.
• Non pollutant.
• Used in battery charging for industrial and commercial use.
• Solar energy can be used in remote areas where it is too expensive to extend the electricity power grid.
• In full sun, you can safely assume about 100 watts of solar energy per square foot.

(Source-Google Images)

Market Trends For Solar Encapsulation Market-
The global solar encapsulation market was worth $762.1 million in 2012 and is estimated to reach $1.3 billion by 2018, growing at a CAGR of 10.2% from 2013 to 2018. Ethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl butyral are expected to be the key revenue generators for global solar encapsulation market
 
Solar Encapsulation Market Share, By Geography, 2012

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Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR) Market Trends And Forecast 2018

Category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain is a Polyester. The reaction of dibasic organic acids and polyhydric alcohols forms Unsaturated Polyester Resins.

COMPONENTS-
Pigments
The material is composed of pigments that are very similar to those used in other pavement
markings. The pigments are used to impart color, hiding and other desirable properties, like all
other markings. However, these pigments are pre-ground prior to being blended into the resin.
 
Resins
The marking has polyester resin that is mixed with a reactive solvent, a styrene compound.
Normally, solvents are expected to evaporate and not participate in the setting up process. In
addition to acting as a solvent, the styrene participates in the polymerization process. In order for
this material to begin to react, a catalyst must be added to initiate the reaction.
 
Additives
Driers are added to assist in the curing process.
 
Reflective Beads
Beads are uniformly applied across the entire width of the marking by either a gravity or pressurized
bead applicator located immediately behind the polyester spray gun. Beads are generally applied
at a rate of 8 lb/gal.


(Source-Google Images)

Advantages
• Essentially two components in one container
• Long lasting and durable
• Does not discolor badly
• Relatively inexpensive
• Works well on concrete
 
Disadvantages
• Peroxide catalyst is a very reactive oxidizer
• Requires placarding as a hazardous material
• Requires commercial drivers license
• Flush solvent is flammable and a hazardous waste
• Moisture in surface a major factor and detriment
• HMA paving oils are a detriment
• Set up time depends on type of resin (usually 3-20 minutes)
• Difficult to determine whether mixed properly

Applications-

Polyester resins are used in sheet moulding compound, bulk moulding compound and the toner of laser printers. Wall panels fabricated from polyester resins reinforced with fiberglass so-called fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) are typically used in restaurants, kitchens, restrooms and other areas that require washable low-maintenance walls.

Market Trends & Forecast-

Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR) Market Consumption Share, By Geography, 2013

                                 (Source: MarketsandMarkets Analysis)

In the year 2013, global UPR demand is estimated to be worth $6.5 billion and is expected to reach $9.5 billion by 2018, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2013 to 2018. Asia-Pacific region dominates the unsaturated polyester resin market and its value is expected to grow at nearly 8.0% CAGR in the next five years. North America and Europe are growing at a steady CAGR compare to Asia-Pacific. 

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Digital Oil Field Market Trends And Forecast 2022

Combination of IT and automation & instrumentation technologies yields digital oil field technology, as an enhancement of the existing technologies in the oil & gas industry. This integrated operations technology makes the analysis faster and easier in supplement with software involved in efficient data management, issues more realistic image of the reservoir and the availability of resources,aids to optimize process required for production, and furnish much safer operations with the inclusion of remote surveillance and collaborated environments.. Automation & instrumentation is a segment of digital oil field market, which includes key networking processes and communication technologies such as SCADA, PLC, smart well, safety systems, and wireless systems.

Segments of digital oilfield -

• Outsourcing
• Software services
• Equipment based expenditure

(Source-Google images)

Applications Of  Digital Oilfield-

• Reservoir Optimization
• Production Optimization
• Drilling & Well Completion

Drilling & Well Completion Process-

The well design process begins with an understanding of the environment in which the well will 

be drilled. Interpretations of local geologic structure, geo-pressure and formation strengths are 

developed. These interpretations may be derived either from local drilling experience or from 

seismic data. It should be noted that uncertainties will exist in the interpretation of the data and 

ultimately in the description of the geologic environment. The quality of geologic predictions 

(e.g., pore pressure, fracture gradient, bottom hole temperature and pressure, formation fluids, 

H2S, CO2, chloride concentration, etc.) often relies on the amount of control within a given area. 

As such, these predictions are usually expected to be more reliable for development wells than 

for exploration wells. However, for drilling operations in established deepwater fields, the pore 

pressure and fracture gradient often demonstrate variability due to production. 

 

With a description of the geologic environment in place, constraints are then introduced by the 

designer to address specific well requirements. These include the directional drilling objectives 

and the required well depth. Production or evaluation requirements dictate the hole size desired 

at total depth. Depending on the geographical location, some wells will require an additional 

surface casing string for the isolation of shallow water or gas flows.

Market Trends & Forecast-

The global digital oil field market in terms of revenue was estimated to be worth $18.7 billion in 2011 which is expected to reach $27.9 billion by 2017, and $33.3 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 4.8% from 2012 to 2022. Western Europe dominated the global digital oil field market, accounting for 26.9% in 2011. Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing market in the near future, reassured by high exploration activities and abundant resources.

Digital Oil Field Market Share, By Geography, 2011

(Source-MarketsandMarkets)

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Soil Treatment Market Trends And Forecast 2017

Soil gets degraded due to the soil bugs(pests) like grubs,gnats,cutwarms..etc. Due to such bugs,the nutritional quality, physical quality and the fertility of the soil decreases.So pest and weed control is important from the quality point of view of soil.

Types of Pest Control-

• Biological pest Control
• Mechanical  pest Control
• Elimination of breeding grounds
• Poisoned bait
• Field burning
• Hunting
• Traps
• Destruction of infected plants
• Natural rodent control

(Source-Google Image)
 Elimination of breeding grounds-

 Conventional waste management and drainage of still water, eliminates the breeding ground of many   pests.Garbage provides food and shelter for many unwanted organisms, as well as an area where still water might collect and be used as a breeding ground by mosquitoes. Communities that have proper garbage collection and disposal, have far less of a problem with rats, cockroaches, mosquitoes, flies and other pests than those that don't.Open air sewers are ample breeding ground for various pests as well. By building and maintaining a proper sewer system, this problem is eliminated.Certain spectrums of LED light can "disrupt insects’ breeding. 

Poisoned bait -

Poisoned bait is a common method for controlling rat populations however is not as effective when there are other food sources around, such as garbage. Poisoned meats have been used for centuries for killing off wolves, birds that were seen to threaten crops, and against other creatures. This can be a problem, since a carcass which has been poisoned will kill not only the targeted animal, but also every other animal which feeds on the carcass. Humans have also been killed by coming in contact with poisoned meat, or by eating an animal which had fed on a poisoned carcass. This tool is also used to manage several caterpillars e.g.Spodoptera litura,fruit flies,snails and slugs,crabs etc.

Soil Treatment Market Forecast 2017-

The global soil treatment market revenue in 2011 was valued at $17,741.7 million and is expected to reach $28,873.4 million by 2017, growing at a CAGR of 8.5% from 2012 to 2017.

Soil Teatment Market Share, by Geography, 2011

(Source-MarketsandMarkets Analysis)

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Automotive Air Filters Market worth $5.1 Billion by 2018

Automotive air filter is a device composed of fibrous materials which discards solid particulates such as dust, pollen, mold, and bacteria from the air.Air filters find applications where air quality is important, particularly in building ventilation systems and in engines.

Categories of air filters-

• Engine/intake air filter
• Cabin air filter

Intake air filter is used to forbid the entry of distant particles such as road dust, debris, etc. into the engine. This merits the functionality of engines and its maintainability. It abates the emissions from vehicles and prevents the engine and its components from damages caused by distant particle.The purpose of the intake air filter is to filter the air before it makes way into the combustion chambers of the engine. In addition to this the filter also has to sustain continuity in the airflow that reaches the engine. The external particles that are filtered by the air filter can be hazardous for the engine and its components such as piston, piston rings, engine cylinder, etc if they are not filtered. An unclean or damaged intake filter can obstruct the engine performance and reduce fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Hence, timely cleaning or replacement of an intake air filter is important so as to increase the engine life and decrease the service intervals for vehicles

(Source-Google image)

Cabin air filters are air filters, which are particularly deviced for the vehicle’s cabin air filtration. The cabin air filter is peculiarly a pleated-paper filter that is placed in the outside-air intake for the vehicle's passenger compartment. Other shapes found in these filters are rectangular and similar in shape to the combustion air filter. Others are uniquely shaped to fit the available space of particular vehicles' outside-air intakes. Being a relatively recent addition to automobile equipment, this filter is often overlooked, and can greatly reduce the effectiveness of the vehicle's air conditioning and heating performance.

(Source-Google image)

In accord with the trends in the automotive industry and the competition among the air filter manufacturers to provide advance filtration technologies to OE and aftermarket, the air filter market for automotive is estimated to grow at a promising rate in the next five years. The total automotive air filters market is projected to grow from $3.6 billion in 2013 to $5.1 billion by 2018 at a CAGR of 6.97%. It is estimated that in 2013, the automotive OEM air filter market would be higher in the Asia-Oceania region, followed by Europe, North America, and ROW.

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